Erbil is one of the world’s oldest continuously inhabited cities, with a history stretching back more than 6,000 years. Known as the capital of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, Erbil is a dynamic metropolis where the echoes of ancient civilizations blend with the pulse of modern Kurdish life. Its most recognizable feature, the UNESCO-listed Erbil Citadel, rises impressively above the city’s skyline and serves as a testament to its storied past.
Travelers to Erbil will find a fascinating mix of old and new. The bustling Qaysari Bazaar draws visitors with its labyrinthine alleys crammed with textiles, spices, jewelry, and traditional handicrafts. History enthusiasts can spend hours exploring the citadel, the Kurdish Textile Museum, and the Minaret Park. Families and locals flock to Sami Abdulrahman Park, a vast green space perfect for relaxation, while contemporary cafes and lively shisha lounges line the city’s streets, offering a taste of modern Kurdish hospitality.
Erbil’s atmosphere is welcoming and energetic, with a strong sense of heritage and pride among its residents. The city hosts numerous cultural festivals and events celebrating Kurdish music, dance, and cuisine. The culinary scene is rich and flavorful; try biryani, kebabs, and local honey-infused pastries in both fine restaurants and street-food stalls. Kurdish hospitality is renowned, and you’re likely to find locals eager to share stories and recommendations with visitors.
Most of Erbil’s key sights are close together, making it easy to explore on foot or with short taxi rides. Accommodation options range from luxury hotels near city landmarks to comfortable guesthouses in quieter neighborhoods. The city’s international airport provides good connections to the region, and English is commonly spoken within the tourism sector, though learning a few Kurdish or Arabic phrases is appreciated. Dining options cater to every taste, from traditional Kurdish eateries to international chains.
The best time to visit Erbil is during the spring (March to May) or autumn (September to November), when the weather is pleasant and the city’s parks are lush and lively. Summers can be extremely hot, so plan outdoor activities for mornings or late afternoons. Don’t miss the chance to experience Erbil at night, when families gather in parks and the old city glows under warm lights.
Travelers to Erbil will find a fascinating mix of old and new. The bustling Qaysari Bazaar draws visitors with its labyrinthine alleys crammed with textiles, spices, jewelry, and traditional handicrafts. History enthusiasts can spend hours exploring the citadel, the Kurdish Textile Museum, and the Minaret Park. Families and locals flock to Sami Abdulrahman Park, a vast green space perfect for relaxation, while contemporary cafes and lively shisha lounges line the city’s streets, offering a taste of modern Kurdish hospitality.
Erbil’s atmosphere is welcoming and energetic, with a strong sense of heritage and pride among its residents. The city hosts numerous cultural festivals and events celebrating Kurdish music, dance, and cuisine. The culinary scene is rich and flavorful; try biryani, kebabs, and local honey-infused pastries in both fine restaurants and street-food stalls. Kurdish hospitality is renowned, and you’re likely to find locals eager to share stories and recommendations with visitors.
Most of Erbil’s key sights are close together, making it easy to explore on foot or with short taxi rides. Accommodation options range from luxury hotels near city landmarks to comfortable guesthouses in quieter neighborhoods. The city’s international airport provides good connections to the region, and English is commonly spoken within the tourism sector, though learning a few Kurdish or Arabic phrases is appreciated. Dining options cater to every taste, from traditional Kurdish eateries to international chains.
The best time to visit Erbil is during the spring (March to May) or autumn (September to November), when the weather is pleasant and the city’s parks are lush and lively. Summers can be extremely hot, so plan outdoor activities for mornings or late afternoons. Don’t miss the chance to experience Erbil at night, when families gather in parks and the old city glows under warm lights.
Expected Weekly Budget
$800-$1200 USD (per person, excluding flights)
Known For
Things to Do
- Walk atop the ancient Erbil Citadel and take in panoramic city views
- Shop for local crafts and spices at Qaysari Bazaar
- Relax or picnic at the vast Sami Abdulrahman Park
- Visit the Kurdish Textile Museum for a look at traditional arts
- Try classic Kurdish cuisine in local restaurants
- Stroll through Minaret Park and see the historic Mudhafaria Minaret
- Enjoy vibrant cafes and shisha lounges in the city center
- Take a guided city tour to learn about Erbil’s rich heritage
Notable Sites
- Erbil Citadel
- Qaysari Bazaar
- Sami Abdulrahman Park
- Mudhafaria Minaret
- Kurdish Textile Museum
- Minaret Park
- Family Mall
- Jalil Khayat Mosque
General Advice
Erbil is well-suited for curious travelers interested in history, culture, and local life. Reserve accommodations in advance, especially during festival periods when the city is bustling with events. Taxis are affordable and widely available, though negotiating the fare beforehand is common. Most key attractions are easily accessible from the city center, and English signage is increasingly common. Take time to explore both the historic core and modern neighbourhoods for a fuller sense of the city.
Security & Safety
Erbil is generally considered one of the safest cities in Iraq, but standard precautions apply. Stay updated on current regional developments, register with your embassy if required, and avoid discussing sensitive political topics. Stick to well-populated areas, avoid nighttime travel outside the city, and keep valuables secure, especially in crowded markets. Always follow local advice and respect security checkpoints when moving around the city.
Travel Tips
- Carry a photocopy of your passport and keep the original in your hotel safe.
- Buy a local SIM card at the airport for easy internet access.
- Dress modestly to respect local customs, especially when visiting religious sites.
- Bring cash, as many small shops and markets do not accept cards.
- Try local specialties like kebabs, dolma, and Kurdish bread.
- Ask your hotel for reliable taxi recommendations.
- Plan outdoor activities in the early morning or evening during hot summer months.
- Learn a few Kurdish or Arabic greetings for a warmer reception.
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Traveler Comments
Visited in April 2024
Loved wandering through the Erbil Citadel and getting lost in the Qaysari Bazaar. Locals were so welcoming and eager to chat or share food recommendations. Had some struggles with traffic during Ramadan evenings but otherwise the city felt very safe.
Traveled here in October 2023
The city is vibrant, and there's history everywhere you look. My favorite moment was sunset in Sami Abdulrahman Park. I wish the museum signs were a bit more detailed in English, but people were always happy to help if I asked.
Visited in March 2024
Came with my husband and our two kids—we all loved the parks and markets! Erbil felt much more relaxed than other big cities, and the street food was honestly better than most restaurants. We walked almost everywhere.
Stayed in November 2023
The combination of ancient sites and the lively modern city is exciting. Sitting outside at a café near the citadel, sipping tea and people-watching, was a highlight for me. I can’t recommend the local kebabs enough.
Visited in July 2023
The history blew me away, but the summer heat was intense—wouldn't come in July again! Loved the Kurdish Textile Museum and chatting with local artisans. Markets did get a bit crowded in the afternoons.
Traveled here in December 2023
Stayed for work but ended up extending my trip to see more. The old city had so much character. Bit hard to find vegetarian food, but the staff everywhere tried their best to accommodate.
Visited in May 2024
As a solo female traveler, I felt welcomed and secure in Erbil. The parks are beautiful in spring, and I loved the energy of the evenings when families gather outside. Taxi drivers were always friendly and helpful.
Visited in February 2024
Couldn’t get enough of the street food—it was cheap and delicious. The architecture inside the citadel really stands out. Only minor issue was a few language barriers in older shops, but gestures worked!
Explored in August 2023
We loved the lively bazaars and unique clothing on sale. It’s true that summer is very hot, so we did most sightseeing early in the day. Plenty of cool cafés to escape the heat in the afternoon.
Visited in October 2023
The family mall was a surprise hit with our teenagers since they needed some modern comforts after a day around the citadel. Erbil is changing fast but still keeps its traditions vibrant and visible.
Traveled here in March 2024
Market vibes are incredible. Tried so many local sweets and came home with a suitcase full of textiles. People kept inviting us for tea, which made the experience really special.
Stayed in January 2024
The citadel is a must for history lovers, but I also liked the calmness away from the center. Some traffic jams during rush hour, but taxis are cheap and reliable.
Visited in September 2023
Erbil is unexpectedly cosmopolitan! We ate at a mix of local diners and fancy hotels. Security was visible but not intrusive, and I never felt unsafe walking at night near the main sites.
Explored in April 2024
Loved the mosque architecture and the local hospitality. English was spoken at most hotels, but it helps to learn a bit of Kurdish for the markets. City felt very clean and well organized.
Visited in May 2024
Stunning history and very friendly people. I was here during the Nowruz festival—parades, music, and street food everywhere! The colors and energy were unforgettable.
Traveled here in November 2023
Fascinated by the mix of cultures and languages. The bazaar was fun but got a bit overwhelming with so many options. Next time I’d try a guided walking tour to learn more of the stories behind the places.
Explored in February 2024
Friendly locals and amazing Kurdish breakfasts. The city’s parks are some of the nicest I’ve seen in the region. Some construction noise at our hotel, but otherwise a peaceful visit.
Visited in December 2023
Great spot for photographers—the citadel at sunset is gorgeous. Transport apps don't really work here, so we used taxis or walked. Would love a return trip.
Traveled here in March 2024
Enjoyed the blend of ancient and new. Shopping for Kurdish crafts was a highlight, and I felt very safe the whole time. Don’t skip the Textile Museum—really impressive collection.
Visited in September 2023
Visited for a friend’s wedding and had time to explore the city center. Traffic can be hectic but otherwise it’s a fun place for history buffs and food lovers.
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